{
  "$schema": "/schemas/elsa-tree-6.json",
  "format": "elsa-tree/6",
  "languages": [
    "en",
    "nl"
  ],
  "root": "start",
  "title": {
    "en": "Does the EU AI Act apply to my agrifood AI system?",
    "nl": "Is de EU AI-verordening van toepassing op mijn agrifood-AI-systeem?"
  },
  "description": {
    "en": "An interactive walk through the applicability of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (the AI\nAct) to an AI system in the agrifood domain, in six steps: does the Act reach you,\nis your system an AI system, is it a prohibited practice, is it high-risk, is it\ngeneral-purpose AI, and does it carry transparency obligations.\n\nThe walk stops after the transparency step. It is written from the consolidated text\nof 27 July 2026, which integrates Regulation (EU) 2026/1744.",
    "nl": "Een interactieve doorloop van de toepasselijkheid van Verordening (EU) 2024/1689 (de\nAI-verordening) op een AI-systeem in het agrifood-domein, in zes stappen: bereikt de\nverordening u, is uw systeem een AI-systeem, gaat het om een verboden praktijk, om\neen hoog risico, om AI voor algemene doeleinden, en gelden er\ntransparantieverplichtingen?\n\nDe doorloop stopt na de transparantiestap. Basis is de geconsolideerde tekst van 27\njuli 2026, met Verordening (EU) 2026/1744."
  },
  "metadata": {
    "version": "0.2",
    "author": "prepared by the ELSA-Decisiontree agents for the owner's review",
    "status": "draft, not legally reviewed",
    "legal-text": "consolidated AI Act of 27 July 2026, CELEX 02024R1689-20260727",
    "amended-by": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)",
    "research": "docs/research/issue-3-ai-act-applicability.md"
  },
  "theme": {
    "logo": {
      "light": "elsa-lab-logo.png",
      "icon": "favicon.png",
      "alt": {
        "en": "ELSA-Lab for sustainable food systems",
        "nl": "ELSA-Lab voor duurzame voedselsystemen"
      },
      "url": "https://ai4sfs.org"
    },
    "fonts": [
      {
        "family": "Open Sans",
        "role": "body",
        "files": [
          {
            "file": "open-sans-400.woff2",
            "weight": "400",
            "style": "normal"
          },
          {
            "file": "open-sans-600.woff2",
            "weight": "600",
            "style": "normal"
          }
        ],
        "licence": "SIL Open Font License 1.1 (theme/ofl-open-sans.txt)"
      },
      {
        "family": "Open Sans",
        "role": "heading",
        "files": [
          {
            "file": "open-sans-700.woff2",
            "weight": "700",
            "style": "normal"
          }
        ],
        "licence": "SIL Open Font License 1.1 (theme/ofl-open-sans.txt)"
      }
    ],
    "colours": {
      "background": "#ffffff",
      "surface": "#f0f3f7",
      "text": "#2d2e33",
      "text-muted": "#696a6e",
      "accent": "#ffc600",
      "accent-secondary": "#159a2f",
      "danger": "#e44e56"
    }
  },
  "nodes": [
    {
      "id": "start",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (1/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (1/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Are you a [provider](#provider) who places an AI system on the Union market or puts it into service in the Union, or who places a general-purpose AI model on the…",
        "nl": "Bent u een [aanbieder](#provider) die een AI-systeem in de Unie in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt, of een AI-model voor algemene doeleinden in de Unie in de…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-2-1",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(3), (9), (11) AI Act (definitions)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punten 3, 9 en 11, AI-verordening (definities)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-jurisdiction.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Map of the European Union member states, whose market Article 2(1) reaches",
            "nl": "Kaart van de lidstaten van de Europese Unie, die artikel 2, lid 1, bereikt"
          },
          "credit": "Ssolbergj and Moonraker, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0",
          "source": "art-2-1"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-deployer"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "provider",
          "term": {
            "en": "provider",
            "nl": "aanbieder"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that develops an AI system or general-purpose AI model, or has one developed, and places it on the market or puts it into service under its own name or trademark.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem of AI-model voor algemene doeleinden ontwikkelt of laat ontwikkelen en onder eigen naam of merk in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ai-act-does-not-apply",
      "title": {
        "en": "The AI Act does not apply",
        "nl": "De AI-verordening is niet van toepassing"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "None of the seven categories of Article 2(1) describes you, or an Article 2 exclusion covers your system entirely.",
        "nl": "Geen van de zeven categorieën van artikel 2, lid 1, is op u van toepassing, of een uitsluiting van artikel 2 geldt volledig voor uw systeem."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2 AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2 AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "terminal-does-not-apply.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An open gate on a footpath leading into a field",
            "nl": "Een open hek op een voetpad dat een weiland in leidt"
          },
          "credit": "Jonathan Billinger, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ],
      "terminal": {
        "label": {
          "en": "Does not apply",
          "nl": "Niet van toepassing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "ai-system-definition",
      "title": {
        "en": "Is your system an AI system within the meaning of the Act?",
        "nl": "Is uw systeem een AI-systeem in de zin van de verordening?"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 3(1): an *AI system* is a machine-based system designed to operate with varying levels of autonomy, that may exhibit adaptiveness after…",
        "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 1: een *AI-systeem* is een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met verschillende niveaus van autonomie werkt, dat na het inzetten…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "2 - material scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-3-1",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(1) AI Act (definition of an AI system)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 1, AI-verordening (definitie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Recital 12 AI Act (the elements of the definition)",
            "nl": "Overweging 12 AI-verordening (elementen van de definitie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-ai-system.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A banana and a photo of one, each labelled by an object-detection model",
            "nl": "Een banaan en een foto ervan, elk gelabeld door een objectherkenningsmodel"
          },
          "credit": "Max Gruber, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0",
          "source": "art-3-1"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "prohibited-practices"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "not-an-ai-system"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-agricultural-vehicles",
      "title": {
        "en": "Agricultural and forestry vehicles",
        "nl": "Landbouw- en bosbouwvoertuigen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 15 lists **Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 on the approval and market surveillance of agricultural and forestry vehicles**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 15, noemt **Verordening (EU) nr. 167/2013 inzake de goedkeuring van en het markttoezicht op landbouw- en…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 15,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 15 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 15, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) No 167/2013 (agricultural vehicles)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) nr. 167/2013 (landbouwvoertuigen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0167"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "agricultural-vehicles.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A tractor ploughing a field, seen from above",
            "nl": "Een tractor die een akker ploegt, van bovenaf gezien"
          },
          "credit": "Petar Milošević, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-cableway-installations",
      "title": {
        "en": "Cableway installations",
        "nl": "Kabelbaaninstallaties"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 8 lists **Regulation (EU) 2016/424 on cableway installations**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 8, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2016/424 betreffende kabelbaaninstallaties**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 8,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 8 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 8, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2016/424 (cableways)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2016/424 (kabelbanen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0424"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "cableway-installations.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "The first gondola cabin of a mountain cableway, from 1964",
            "nl": "De eerste gondelcabine van een bergkabelbaan, uit 1964"
          },
          "credit": "Yamen, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-civil-aviation-security",
      "title": {
        "en": "Civil aviation security",
        "nl": "Beveiliging van de burgerluchtvaart"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 13 lists **Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation security**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 13, noemt **Verordening (EG) nr. 300/2008 inzake gemeenschappelijke regels op het gebied van de beveiliging van de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 13,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 13 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 13, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 (aviation security)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EG) nr. 300/2008 (luchtvaart)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008R0300"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "civil-aviation-security.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A passenger at an airport security screening checkpoint",
            "nl": "Een passagier bij een beveiligingscontrole op een luchthaven"
          },
          "credit": "Michael Ball, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-explosive-atmospheres",
      "title": {
        "en": "Equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres",
        "nl": "Apparaten voor plaatsen met ontploffingsgevaar"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 5 lists **Directive 2014/34/EU relating to equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive…**",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 5, noemt **Richtlijn 2014/34/EU inzake apparaten en beveiligingssystemen op plaatsen waar ontploffingsgevaar kan…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 5,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 5 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 5, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2014/34/EU (explosive atmospheres)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2014/34/EU (ontploffingsgevaar)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0034"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "explosive-atmospheres.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Grain silos, where dust can make the atmosphere explosive",
            "nl": "Graansilo's, waar stof de lucht ontplofbaar kan maken"
          },
          "credit": "TheTechnician27, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-gas-appliances",
      "title": {
        "en": "Appliances burning gaseous fuels",
        "nl": "Gasverbrandingstoestellen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 10 lists **Regulation (EU) 2016/426 on appliances burning gaseous fuels**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 10, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2016/426 betreffende gasverbrandingstoestellen**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 10,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 10 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 10, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2016/426 (gas appliances)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2016/426 (gastoestellen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0426"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "gas-appliances.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A gas-fired boiler in a boiler room",
            "nl": "Een gasgestookte ketel in een ketelruimte"
          },
          "credit": "Oleg Bor, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-ivd-medical-devices",
      "title": {
        "en": "In vitro diagnostic medical devices",
        "nl": "Hulpmiddelen voor in-vitrodiagnostiek"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 12 lists **Regulation (EU) 2017/746 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 12, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2017/746 betreffende medische hulpmiddelen voor in-vitrodiagnostiek**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 12,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 12 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 12, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2017/746 (in vitro diagnostics)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2017/746 (in-vitrodiagnostiek)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R0746"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "ivd-medical-devices.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A technician handling blood samples in a diagnostic laboratory",
            "nl": "Een analist met bloedmonsters in een diagnostisch laboratorium"
          },
          "credit": "Goleisureintl, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-legislation",
      "title": {
        "en": "Is your system a safety component, or a product, under Annex I? (1/3)",
        "nl": "Is uw systeem een veiligheidscomponent of product onder bijlage I? (1/3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**(a)** the system is intended as a [safety component of a product](#safety-component), or is itself a product, covered by **Annex I** legislation; **and (b)** that…",
        "nl": "**a)** het systeem is bedoeld als [veiligheidscomponent van een product](#safety-component), of is zelf zo'n product, dat onder **bijlage I** valt; **en b)** dat product…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "4a - high-risk, Annex I route",
        "annex-i-entries": "8 of 20 (Section A, points 2 to 9)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-6-1",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        },
        {
          "id": "anx-i",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I AI Act (Union harmonisation legislation)",
            "nl": "Bijlage I AI-verordening (harmonisatiewetgeving)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(13) AI Act (limitation for Section A)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 13, AI-verordening (beperking afdeling A)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-annex-i.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An emergency stop button on a machine control panel: a safety component",
            "nl": "Een noodstopknop op een machinebedieningspaneel: een veiligheidscomponent"
          },
          "credit": "Shixart1985, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0",
          "source": "art-6-1"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "high-risk"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-legislation-2"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Safety of toys",
            "nl": "Veiligheid van speelgoed"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-toys"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Recreational craft and personal watercraft",
            "nl": "Pleziervaartuigen en waterscooters"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-recreational-craft"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Lifts and safety components for lifts",
            "nl": "Liften en veiligheidscomponenten voor liften"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-lifts"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres",
            "nl": "Apparaten voor plaatsen met ontploffingsgevaar"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-explosive-atmospheres"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Radio equipment",
            "nl": "Radioapparatuur"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-radio-equipment"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Pressure equipment",
            "nl": "Drukapparatuur"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-pressure-equipment"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Cableway installations",
            "nl": "Kabelbaaninstallaties"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-cableway-installations"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Personal protective equipment",
            "nl": "Persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-personal-protective-equipment"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "safety-component",
          "term": {
            "en": "safety component",
            "nl": "veiligheidscomponent"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A component of a product or AI system meant to prevent or mitigate risks to the health and safety of persons or property, or whose failure or malfunction endangers them.",
            "nl": "Een component van een product of AI-systeem die risico’s voor de gezondheid en veiligheid van personen of eigendom moet voorkomen of beperken, of waarvan het falen die in gevaar brengt."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-legislation-2",
      "title": {
        "en": "Is your system a safety component, or a product, under Annex I? (2/3)",
        "nl": "Is uw systeem een veiligheidscomponent of product onder bijlage I? (2/3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "A **safety component** fulfils a safety function for a product or an [AI system](#ai-system), or its failure endangers health and safety.",
        "nl": "Een **veiligheidscomponent** vervult een veiligheidsfunctie voor een product of [AI-systeem](#ai-system), of het falen ervan brengt de veiligheid in gevaar."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "4a - high-risk, Annex I route",
        "annex-i-entries": "7 of 20 (Section A points 10 to 12, Section B points 13 to 16)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(14) AI Act (safety component)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 14, AI-verordening (veiligheidscomponent)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1a) to (1c) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, leden 1 bis tot en met 1 quater, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-annex-i-safety-component.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A universal testing machine set up for a compression test",
            "nl": "Een universele testbank opgesteld voor een druktest"
          },
          "credit": "Cjp24, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "high-risk"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-legislation-3"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Appliances burning gaseous fuels",
            "nl": "Gasverbrandingstoestellen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-gas-appliances"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Medical devices",
            "nl": "Medische hulpmiddelen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-medical-devices"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "In vitro diagnostic medical devices",
            "nl": "Hulpmiddelen voor in-vitrodiagnostiek"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-ivd-medical-devices"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Civil aviation security",
            "nl": "Beveiliging van de burgerluchtvaart"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-civil-aviation-security"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles",
            "nl": "Twee- of driewielige voertuigen en vierwielers"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-two-or-three-wheel-vehicles"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Agricultural and forestry vehicles",
            "nl": "Landbouw- en bosbouwvoertuigen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-agricultural-vehicles"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Marine equipment",
            "nl": "Uitrusting van zeeschepen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-marine-equipment"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-legislation-3",
      "title": {
        "en": "Is your system a safety component, or a product, under Annex I? (3/3)",
        "nl": "Is uw systeem een veiligheidscomponent of product onder bijlage I? (3/3)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I has **20** entries.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I telt **20** onderdelen."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "4a - high-risk, Annex I route",
        "annex-i-entries": "5 of 20 (Section B, points 17 to 21)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "anx-i",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I AI Act (Union harmonisation legislation)",
            "nl": "Bijlage I AI-verordening (harmonisatiewetgeving)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(2) AI Act (Section B systems)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 2, AI-verordening (afdeling B)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-annex-i-legislation.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "The CE marking printed on the circuit board of a mobile phone",
            "nl": "De CE-markering op de printplaat van een mobiele telefoon"
          },
          "credit": "Raimond Spekking, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "high-risk"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-areas"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Interoperability of the rail system",
            "nl": "Interoperabiliteit van het spoorwegsysteem"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-rail-interoperability"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Approval of motor vehicles and their trailers",
            "nl": "Goedkeuring van motorvoertuigen en aanhangwagens"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-motor-vehicle-approval"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Type-approval of motor vehicles: general safety",
            "nl": "Typegoedkeuring van motorvoertuigen: veiligheid"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-motor-vehicle-general-safety"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Civil aviation, as regards unmanned aircraft",
            "nl": "Burgerluchtvaart: onbemande luchtvaartuigen"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-unmanned-aircraft"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Machinery",
            "nl": "Machines"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-machinery"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-lifts",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lifts and safety components for lifts",
        "nl": "Liften en veiligheidscomponenten voor liften"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 4 lists **Directive 2014/33/EU relating to lifts and safety components for lifts**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 4, noemt **Richtlijn 2014/33/EU inzake liften en veiligheidscomponenten voor liften**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 4,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 4 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 4, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2014/33/EU (lifts)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2014/33/EU (liften)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0033"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "lifts.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "The inside of a passenger lift, with its control panel",
            "nl": "De binnenkant van een personenlift, met bedieningspaneel"
          },
          "credit": "Edward Orde, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-machinery",
      "title": {
        "en": "Machinery",
        "nl": "Machines"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 21 lists **Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 on machinery**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 21, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2023/1230 betreffende machines**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 21,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 21 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 21, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 (machinery)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2023/1230 (machines)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1230"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "machinery.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A cow in a milking robot, beside its emergency stop",
            "nl": "Een koe in een melkrobot, naast de noodstop"
          },
          "credit": ".Anja., via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-marine-equipment",
      "title": {
        "en": "Marine equipment",
        "nl": "Uitrusting van zeeschepen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 16 lists **Directive 2014/90/EU on marine equipment**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 16, noemt **Richtlijn 2014/90/EU inzake uitrusting van zeeschepen**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 16,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 16 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 16, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2014/90/EU (marine equipment)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2014/90/EU (zeeschepen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0090"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "marine-equipment.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A fishing trawler returning to port",
            "nl": "Een vissersschip dat terugkeert naar de haven"
          },
          "credit": "Christian Ferrer, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-medical-devices",
      "title": {
        "en": "Medical devices",
        "nl": "Medische hulpmiddelen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 11 lists **Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on medical devices**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 11, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2017/745 betreffende medische hulpmiddelen**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 11,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 11 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 11, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2017/745 (medical devices)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2017/745 (hulpmiddelen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017R0745"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "medical-devices.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An infusion pump at a hospital bedside",
            "nl": "Een infuuspomp aan een ziekenhuisbed"
          },
          "credit": "DiverDave, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-motor-vehicle-approval",
      "title": {
        "en": "Approval of motor vehicles and their trailers",
        "nl": "Goedkeuring van motorvoertuigen en aanhangwagens"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 18 lists **Regulation (EU) 2018/858 on the approval and market surveillance of motor vehicles and their trailers, and of…**",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 18, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2018/858 betreffende de goedkeuring van en het markttoezicht op motorvoertuigen en…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 18,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 18 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 18, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2018/858 (vehicle approval)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2018/858 (motorvoertuigen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R0858"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "motor-vehicle-approval.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A milk tanker on a farm road",
            "nl": "Een melktankwagen op een landweg"
          },
          "credit": "TCExplorer, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-motor-vehicle-general-safety",
      "title": {
        "en": "Type-approval of motor vehicles: general safety",
        "nl": "Typegoedkeuring van motorvoertuigen: veiligheid"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 19 lists **Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 on type-approval requirements for motor vehicles and their trailers as regards their…**",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 19, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2019/2144 betreffende de typegoedkeuring van motorvoertuigen en aanhangwagens wat de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 19,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 19 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 19, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2019/2144 (general safety)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2019/2144 (algemene veiligheid)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R2144"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "motor-vehicle-general-safety.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A dashboard showing lane keeping and the speed limit the car read",
            "nl": "Een dashboard met rijstrookhulp en de afgelezen maximumsnelheid"
          },
          "credit": "Hans Haase, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-personal-protective-equipment",
      "title": {
        "en": "Personal protective equipment",
        "nl": "Persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 9 lists **Regulation (EU) 2016/425 on personal protective equipment**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 9, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2016/425 betreffende persoonlijke beschermingsmiddelen**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 9,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 9 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 9, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2016/425 (protective equipment)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2016/425 (beschermingsmiddelen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016R0425"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "personal-protective-equipment.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Protective clothing, gloves and hood for spraying work",
            "nl": "Beschermende kleding, handschoenen en kap voor spuitwerk"
          },
          "credit": "Protectepi, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-pressure-equipment",
      "title": {
        "en": "Pressure equipment",
        "nl": "Drukapparatuur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 7 lists **Directive 2014/68/EU relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 7, noemt **Richtlijn 2014/68/EU inzake het op de markt aanbieden van drukapparatuur**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 7,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 7 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 7, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2014/68/EU (pressure equipment)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2014/68/EU (drukapparatuur)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0068"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "pressure-equipment.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A liquid carbon dioxide tank: pressure equipment beside a plant",
            "nl": "Een tank met vloeibaar kooldioxide: drukapparatuur naast een fabriek"
          },
          "credit": "Exit2dos2000, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-radio-equipment",
      "title": {
        "en": "Radio equipment",
        "nl": "Radioapparatuur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 6 lists **Directive 2014/53/EU relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 6, noemt **Richtlijn 2014/53/EU inzake het op de markt aanbieden van radioapparatuur**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 6,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 6 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 6, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2014/53/EU (radio equipment)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2014/53/EU (radioapparatuur)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014L0053"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "radio-equipment.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A wireless sensor reporting from a strawberry field",
            "nl": "Een draadloze sensor die meet in een aardbeienveld"
          },
          "credit": "USDAgov, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-rail-interoperability",
      "title": {
        "en": "Interoperability of the rail system",
        "nl": "Interoperabiliteit van het spoorwegsysteem"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 17 lists **Directive (EU) 2016/797 on the interoperability of the rail system within the European Union**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 17, noemt **Richtlijn (EU) 2016/797 betreffende de interoperabiliteit van het spoorwegsysteem in de Europese Unie**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 17,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 17 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 17, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive (EU) 2016/797 (rail interoperability)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn (EU) 2016/797 (spoorwegsysteem)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32016L0797"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "rail-interoperability.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An electric passenger train at a station platform",
            "nl": "Een elektrische passagierstrein aan een perron"
          },
          "credit": "Philip Mallis, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-recreational-craft",
      "title": {
        "en": "Recreational craft and personal watercraft",
        "nl": "Pleziervaartuigen en waterscooters"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 3 lists **Directive 2013/53/EU on recreational craft and personal watercraft**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 3, noemt **Richtlijn 2013/53/EU betreffende pleziervaartuigen en waterscooters**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 3,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 3 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 3, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2013/53/EU (recreational craft)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2013/53/EU (pleziervaartuigen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013L0053"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "recreational-craft.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A sailing yacht leaving a marina",
            "nl": "Een zeiljacht dat een jachthaven verlaat"
          },
          "credit": "Pjotr Mahhonin, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-toys",
      "title": {
        "en": "Safety of toys",
        "nl": "Veiligheid van speelgoed"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 2 lists **Directive 2009/48/EC on the safety of toys**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 2, noemt **Richtlijn 2009/48/EG betreffende de veiligheid van speelgoed**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 2,
        "annex-i-section": "A"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section A, point 2 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling A, punt 2, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Directive 2009/48/EC (safety of toys)",
            "nl": "Richtlijn 2009/48/EG (speelgoed)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32009L0048"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "toys.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A wooden toy car",
            "nl": "Een houten speelgoedauto"
          },
          "credit": "Gausanchennai, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-two-or-three-wheel-vehicles",
      "title": {
        "en": "Two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles",
        "nl": "Twee- of driewielige voertuigen en vierwielers"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 14 lists **Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and…**",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 14, noemt **Verordening (EU) nr. 168/2013 betreffende de goedkeuring van en het markttoezicht op twee- of driewielige…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 14,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 14 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 14, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 (light vehicles)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) nr. 168/2013 (vierwielers)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32013R0168"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "two-or-three-wheel-vehicles.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A quadricycle, or quad bike",
            "nl": "Een vierwieler, ofwel quad"
          },
          "credit": "Norbert Nagel, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-i-unmanned-aircraft",
      "title": {
        "en": "Civil aviation, as regards unmanned aircraft",
        "nl": "Burgerluchtvaart: onbemande luchtvaartuigen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 20 lists **Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 on common rules in the field of civil aviation**.",
        "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 20, noemt **Verordening (EU) 2018/1139 inzake gemeenschappelijke regels op het gebied van burgerluchtvaart**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-i-point": 20,
        "annex-i-section": "B"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex I, Section B, point 20 AI Act",
            "nl": "Bijlage I, afdeling B, punt 20, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_I"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 (civil aviation)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2018/1139 (burgerluchtvaart)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32018R1139"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(1) AI Act (high-risk classification)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, lid 1, AI-verordening (classificatie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "unmanned-aircraft.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A drone spraying a paddy field",
            "nl": "Een drone die een rijstveld bespuit"
          },
          "credit": "Shreesha Sharma, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-areas",
      "title": {
        "en": "Does your system fall in a high-risk area of Annex III?",
        "nl": "Valt uw systeem in een gebied met een hoog risico van bijlage III?"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second route to **high-risk**. Article 6(2): the systems referred to in **Annex III** are high-risk.",
        "nl": "De tweede route naar een **hoog risico**. Artikel 6, lid 2: ook de in **bijlage III** bedoelde systemen zijn een hoog risico."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "4b - high-risk, Annex III route",
        "annex-iii-areas": 8,
        "annex-iii-listed-system-types": 25
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-6-2",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6(2), (3) and (4) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 6, leden 2, 3 en 4, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        },
        {
          "id": "anx-iii",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III AI Act (high-risk AI systems)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III AI-verordening (systemen met een hoog risico)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-annex-iii.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A road sign warning of a high-risk zone ahead",
            "nl": "Een verkeersbord dat waarschuwt voor een zone met een hoog risico"
          },
          "credit": "Olga Ernst, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0",
          "source": "art-6-2"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "high-risk"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "general-purpose-ai"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "1. Biometrics",
            "nl": "1. Biometrie"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-biometrics"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "2. Critical infrastructure",
            "nl": "2. Kritieke infrastructuur"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-critical-infrastructure"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "3. Education and vocational training",
            "nl": "3. Onderwijs en beroepsopleiding"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-education"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "4. Employment and workers management",
            "nl": "4. Werkgelegenheid en personeelsbeheer"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-employment"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "5. Essential private and public services",
            "nl": "5. Essentiële particuliere en publieke diensten"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-essential-services"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "6. Law enforcement",
            "nl": "6. Rechtshandhaving"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-law-enforcement"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "7. Migration, asylum and border control",
            "nl": "7. Migratie-, asiel- en grenstoezichtsbeheer"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-migration-and-borders"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "8. Administration of justice and democracy",
            "nl": "8. Rechtsbedeling en democratische processen"
          },
          "target": "annex-iii-justice-and-democracy"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-biometrics",
      "title": {
        "en": "Biometrics",
        "nl": "Biometrie"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 1 applies **in so far as the use of these systems is permitted under Union or national law**, and lists three types:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 1, geldt **voor zover het gebruik is toegestaan op grond van het Unierecht of nationale recht**, en noemt drie types:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 1,
        "listed-system-types": 3
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 1 AI Act (biometrics)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 1, AI-verordening (biometrie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(f), (g), (h) AI Act (prohibited)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punten f), g) en h) (verboden)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "biometrics.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A face-detection demonstration marking faces in a live image",
            "nl": "Een demonstratie die gezichten in een live beeld markeert"
          },
          "credit": "Patrick H~, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-critical-infrastructure",
      "title": {
        "en": "Critical infrastructure",
        "nl": "Kritieke infrastructuur"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 2 is a single entry:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 2, bestaat uit één onderdeel:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 2,
        "listed-system-types": 1
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 2 AI Act (critical infrastructure)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 2, AI-verordening (infrastructuur)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(14) and 6(1a) to (1c) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 14, en artikel 6, leden 1 bis-1 quater"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "critical-infrastructure.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Electricity transmission towers at sunset",
            "nl": "Hoogspanningsmasten bij zonsondergang"
          },
          "credit": "Matthew T Rader, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-education",
      "title": {
        "en": "Education and vocational training",
        "nl": "Onderwijs en beroepsopleiding"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 3 lists four types, all tied to educational and vocational training institutions **at all levels**:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 3, noemt vier types, alle gebonden aan instellingen voor onderwijs en beroepsonderwijs **op alle niveaus**:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 3,
        "listed-system-types": 4
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 3 AI Act (education)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 3, AI-verordening (onderwijs)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "education.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Students taking an exam on computers",
            "nl": "Leerlingen die een examen op de computer maken"
          },
          "credit": "Michael Surran, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-employment",
      "title": {
        "en": "Employment, workers management and self-employment",
        "nl": "Werkgelegenheid, personeelsbeheer en zelfstandige arbeid"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 4 lists two types:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 4, noemt twee types:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 4,
        "listed-system-types": 2
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 4 AI Act (employment)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 4, AI-verordening (werkgelegenheid)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(f) AI Act (emotions at work, prohibited)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt f) (emoties op het werk, verboden)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "employment.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Farm workers picking a field crop by hand",
            "nl": "Landarbeiders die met de hand een veldgewas oogsten"
          },
          "credit": "USDAgov, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-essential-services",
      "title": {
        "en": "Essential private and public services and benefits",
        "nl": "Essentiële particuliere en publieke diensten en uitkeringen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 5 lists four types:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 5, noemt vier types:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 5,
        "listed-system-types": 4
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 5 AI Act (essential services)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 5, AI-verordening (essentiële diensten)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "essential-services.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An ambulance of an emergency medical service",
            "nl": "Een ambulance van een spoedeisende hulpdienst"
          },
          "credit": "Raymond Wambsgans, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-justice-and-democracy",
      "title": {
        "en": "Administration of justice and democratic processes",
        "nl": "Rechtsbedeling en democratische processen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 8 lists two types:",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 8, noemt twee types:"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 8,
        "listed-system-types": 2
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 8 AI Act (justice and democracy)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 8, AI-verordening (rechtsbedeling)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "justice-and-democracy.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A courtroom with the judge's bench",
            "nl": "Een rechtszaal met de rechterstafel"
          },
          "credit": "Michael D Beckwith, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-law-enforcement",
      "title": {
        "en": "Law enforcement",
        "nl": "Rechtshandhaving"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 6 applies **so far as the use is permitted under Union or national law** and lists five types, all defined by who uses them - law…",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 6, geldt **voor zover het gebruik is toegestaan op grond van het Unierecht of nationale recht** en noemt vijf types, alle…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 6,
        "listed-system-types": 5
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 6 AI Act (law enforcement)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 6, AI-verordening (rechtshandhaving)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(d) AI Act (prohibited)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt d), AI-verordening (verboden)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "law-enforcement.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Police officers on bicycle patrol",
            "nl": "Politieagenten op fietspatrouille"
          },
          "credit": "Maksim Sokolov, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "annex-iii-migration-and-borders",
      "title": {
        "en": "Migration, asylum and border control management",
        "nl": "Migratie-, asiel- en grenstoezichtsbeheer"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Annex III, area 7 applies **so far as the use is permitted under Union or national law** and lists four types, all defined by who uses them -…",
        "nl": "Bijlage III, gebied 7, geldt **voor zover het gebruik is toegestaan op grond van het Unierecht of nationale recht** en noemt vier types, alle…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "annex-iii-area": 7,
        "listed-system-types": 4
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Annex III, point 7 AI Act (migration and borders)",
            "nl": "Bijlage III, punt 7, AI-verordening (migratie en grenzen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#anx_III"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "migration-and-borders.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Automated e-passport control gates at an airport",
            "nl": "Automatische paspoortcontrolepoortjes op een luchthaven"
          },
          "credit": "PESP, derivative by Bonus bon, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-2-exclusions",
      "title": {
        "en": "Does a full exclusion in Article 2 cover your system?",
        "nl": "Valt uw systeem onder een volledige uitsluiting van artikel 2?"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "One of the seven categories of Article 2(1) describes you, so the Act reaches you.",
        "nl": "Een van de zeven categorieën van artikel 2, lid 1, geldt voor u, dus de verordening bereikt u."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2 AI Act (scope and exclusions)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2 AI-verordening (uitsluitingen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-article-2-exclusions.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A raised barrier across a road into a residential area",
            "nl": "Een geopende slagboom over een weg naar een woonwijk"
          },
          "credit": "Jeffrey Beall, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "ai-act-does-not-apply"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "ai-system-definition"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Military, defence or national security purposes",
            "nl": "Militaire, defensie- of nationale veiligheidsdoeleinden"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-national-security"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Third-country authorities in law enforcement cooperation",
            "nl": "Autoriteiten van derde landen bij rechtshandhaving"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-third-country-authorities"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Sole purpose of scientific research and development",
            "nl": "Uitsluitend wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-scientific-research"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Research or testing before placing on the market",
            "nl": "Onderzoek of tests vóór het in de handel brengen"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-research-and-development"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "A natural person using a system in a personal activity",
            "nl": "Natuurlijke persoon in een persoonlijke activiteit"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-personal-use"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Free and open-source licences (partial exclusion only)",
            "nl": "Vrije en opensourcelicenties (slechts gedeeltelijk)"
          },
          "target": "exclusion-open-source"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-50-deep-fakes",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deep fakes (deployer)",
        "nl": "Deepfakes (gebruiksverantwoordelijke)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**Article 50(4), first subparagraph.** Deployers of an AI system that generates or manipulates image, audio or video content constituting a **deep…**",
        "nl": "**Artikel 50, lid 4, eerste alinea.** Gebruiksverantwoordelijken van een AI-systeem dat beeld-, audio- of videocontent genereert of bewerkt die een…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "article-50-situation": 4,
        "addressee": "deployer"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50(4), first subparagraph, AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 50, lid 4, eerste alinea, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(60) AI Act (deep fake)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 60, AI-verordening (deepfake)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "article-50-deep-fakes.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Ancient stone theatre masks in Ostia Antica",
            "nl": "Antieke stenen theatermaskers in Ostia Antica"
          },
          "credit": "Dennis G. Jarvis, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-50-direct-interaction",
      "title": {
        "en": "Systems that interact directly with people (provider)",
        "nl": "Directe interactie met mensen (aanbieder)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**Article 50(1).** Providers must ensure that AI systems **intended to interact directly with natural persons** are designed and developed so that…",
        "nl": "**Artikel 50, lid 1.** Aanbieders zorgen ervoor dat AI-systemen die **voor directe interactie met natuurlijke personen zijn bedoeld** zo worden…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "article-50-situation": 1,
        "addressee": "provider"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50(1) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 50, lid 1, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "article-50-direct-interaction.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Two humanoid Pepper robots with screens on their chests",
            "nl": "Twee mensachtige Pepper-robots met een scherm op hun borst"
          },
          "credit": "Kukarobot, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-50-emotion-and-biometric",
      "title": {
        "en": "Emotion recognition or biometric categorisation (deployer)",
        "nl": "Emotieherkenning of biometrische categorisering"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**Article 50(3).** Deployers of an **emotion recognition system** or a **biometric categorisation system** must **inform the natural persons…**",
        "nl": "**Artikel 50, lid 3.** Gebruiksverantwoordelijken van een **systeem voor emotieherkenning** of **biometrische categorisering** **informeren de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "article-50-situation": 3,
        "addressee": "deployer"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50(3) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 50, lid 3, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(39) and (40) AI Act (definitions)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punten 39 en 40, AI-verordening (definities)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "article-50-emotion-and-biometric.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Faces showing seven facial expressions of emotion",
            "nl": "Gezichten met zeven gezichtsuitdrukkingen van emoties"
          },
          "credit": "Boundless Psychology, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-50-generated-text",
      "title": {
        "en": "AI-generated text informing the public (deployer)",
        "nl": "Door AI gegenereerde tekst voor het publiek"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**Article 50(4), second subparagraph.** Deployers of an AI system that generates or manipulates **text published with the purpose of informing the…**",
        "nl": "**Artikel 50, lid 4, tweede alinea.** Gebruiksverantwoordelijken van een AI-systeem dat **tekst genereert of bewerkt die wordt gepubliceerd om het…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "article-50-situation": 5,
        "addressee": "deployer"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50(4), second subparagraph, AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 50, lid 4, tweede alinea, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "article-50-generated-text.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A stack of newspapers",
            "nl": "Een stapel kranten"
          },
          "credit": "Bernerlover, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "article-50-synthetic-content",
      "title": {
        "en": "Systems generating synthetic content (provider)",
        "nl": "Systemen die synthetische content genereren (aanbieder)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "**Article 50(2).** Providers of AI systems (**including general-purpose AI systems**) that generate **synthetic audio, image, video or text** must…",
        "nl": "**Artikel 50, lid 2.** Aanbieders van AI-systemen - **ook systemen voor algemene doeleinden** - die **synthetische audio, beelden, video of tekst**…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "article-50-situation": 2,
        "addressee": "provider"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50(2) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 50, lid 2, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 111(4) AI Act as amended (transition)",
            "nl": "Artikel 111, lid 4, AI-verordening (overgang)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_111"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "article-50-synthetic-content.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A picture being drawn digitally on a laptop",
            "nl": "Een tekening die digitaal op een laptop wordt gemaakt"
          },
          "credit": "MIKI Yoshihito, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "biometric-categorisation",
      "title": {
        "en": "Biometric categorisation to infer race, beliefs or sex life",
        "nl": "Biometrische categorisering (ras, overtuiging, seksleven)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(g) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service for this purpose, or using **biometric categorisation systems that categorise…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt g), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, voor dit doel in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van **systemen voor biometrische…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(g) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt g), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(40) AI Act (biometric categorisation)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 40, AI-verordening (categorisering)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-biometric-categorisation.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A finger on a fingerprint scanner",
            "nl": "Een vinger op een vingerafdrukscanner"
          },
          "credit": "Rachmaninoff, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "child-sexual-abuse-material",
      "title": {
        "en": "Child sexual abuse material (from 2 December 2026)",
        "nl": "Materiaal van seksueel kindermisbruik (2-12-2026)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(bb), inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, prohibits placing on the market, putting into service or using an AI system that…",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b ter), ingevoegd bij Verordening (EU) 2026/1744, verbiedt het in de handel brengen, in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van een…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "applies-from": "2 December 2026 (Article 113(3)(a) as amended)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(bb) and 5(1a) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b ter), en lid 1 bis, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-child-sexual-abuse-material.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A padlock and chain closing a door",
            "nl": "Een hangslot met ketting dat een deur afsluit"
          },
          "credit": "Lacz02, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "emotion-recognition-at-work",
      "title": {
        "en": "Inferring emotions in the workplace or in education",
        "nl": "Emoties afleiden op de werkplek of in het onderwijs"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(f) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service for this purpose, or using AI systems **to infer emotions of a natural person…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt f), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, voor dit doel in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van AI-systemen **om emoties van een…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(f) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt f), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(39) AI Act (emotion recognition system)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 39, AI-verordening (emotieherkenning)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-emotion-recognition.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "People working at computers in an open-plan office",
            "nl": "Mensen die achter computers werken in een kantoortuin"
          },
          "credit": "VeronicaTherese, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "end-of-walk",
      "title": {
        "en": "The AI Act applies to your system - the walk ends here",
        "nl": "De AI-verordening geldt voor uw systeem - einde doorloop"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "You have worked through all six steps: the Act reaches you, your system is an AI system, it is not a prohibited practice, and you have answered the…",
        "nl": "U hebt alle zes stappen doorlopen: de verordening bereikt u, uw systeem is een AI-systeem, het is geen verboden praktijk, en u hebt de vragen over…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "owner-action": "what follows after Article 50 is out of scope for this version (core document 3.3, item 7, and section 4)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50 AI Act (transparency obligations)",
            "nl": "Artikel 50 AI-verordening (transparantieverplichtingen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), 27 July 2026 text",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2024/1689, tekst van 27 juli 2026"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "terminal-end-of-walk.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Runners crossing the finish line of a marathon",
            "nl": "Hardlopers die de finish van een marathon passeren"
          },
          "credit": "John Marino, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ],
      "terminal": {
        "label": {
          "en": "Applies",
          "nl": "Van toepassing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-national-security",
      "title": {
        "en": "Military, defence or national security purposes",
        "nl": "Militaire, defensie- of nationale veiligheidsdoeleinden"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(3) excludes three things: areas outside the scope of Union law and the Member States' competences concerning **national security**; AI…",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 3, sluit drie dingen uit: gebieden buiten het Unierecht en de bevoegdheden van de lidstaten inzake **nationale veiligheid**…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(3) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 3, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-national-security.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A military armoured reconnaissance vehicle",
            "nl": "Een militair gepantserd verkenningsvoertuig"
          },
          "credit": "L Cowieson, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-open-source",
      "title": {
        "en": "Free and open-source licences (partial exclusion only)",
        "nl": "Vrije en opensourcelicenties (slechts gedeeltelijk)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(12): the Regulation does not apply to AI systems released under free and open-source licences, **unless** they are placed on the market or…",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 12: de verordening is niet van toepassing op AI-systemen die worden vrijgegeven onder vrije en opensourcelicenties, **tenzij** zij in…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(12) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 12, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-open-source.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Source code on a computer monitor",
            "nl": "Broncode op een computerscherm"
          },
          "credit": "Markus Spiske, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-personal-use",
      "title": {
        "en": "A natural person using a system in a personal activity",
        "nl": "Natuurlijke persoon in een persoonlijke activiteit"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(10) excludes the **obligations of deployers who are natural persons** using AI systems in the course of a purely personal non-professional…",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 10, sluit de **verplichtingen uit van gebruiksverantwoordelijken die natuurlijke personen zijn** en AI-systemen gebruiken in het kader…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(10) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 10, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-personal-use.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A hand holding a smartphone at home",
            "nl": "Een hand die thuis een smartphone vasthoudt"
          },
          "credit": "Océanos y dados, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-research-and-development",
      "title": {
        "en": "Research or testing before placing on the market",
        "nl": "Onderzoek of tests vóór het in de handel brengen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(8) excludes **any research, testing or development activity** regarding AI systems or AI models **prior to their being placed on the…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 8, sluit **onderzoeks-, test- of ontwikkelingsactiviteiten** uit met betrekking tot AI-systemen of AI-modellen **voordat zij in de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(8) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 8, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-research-and-development.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A prototype rover being field-tested in a desert",
            "nl": "Een prototype-rover die in een woestijn in het veld wordt getest"
          },
          "credit": "NASA/JPL-Caltech, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-scientific-research",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sole purpose of scientific research and development",
        "nl": "Uitsluitend wetenschappelijk onderzoek en ontwikkeling"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(6) excludes AI systems and AI models, including their output, that are **specifically developed and put into service for the sole purpose…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 6, sluit AI-systemen en AI-modellen uit, met inbegrip van hun output, die **specifiek zijn ontwikkeld en in gebruik gesteld met…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(6) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 6, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-scientific-research.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A scientist looking through a microscope in a laboratory",
            "nl": "Een wetenschapper die in een laboratorium door een microscoop kijkt"
          },
          "credit": "Diane A. Reid, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exclusion-third-country-authorities",
      "title": {
        "en": "Third-country authorities in law enforcement cooperation",
        "nl": "Autoriteiten van derde landen bij rechtshandhaving"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 2(4) excludes third-country public authorities and international organisations that would otherwise fall under Article 2(1), **where they…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 4, sluit overheidsinstanties in derde landen en internationale organisaties uit die anders onder artikel 2, lid 1, zouden vallen…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(4) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 4, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "exclusion-third-country-authorities.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "The Europol headquarters in The Hague, with flags",
            "nl": "Het hoofdkantoor van Europol in Den Haag, met vlaggen"
          },
          "credit": "European Commission, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "exploiting-vulnerabilities",
      "title": {
        "en": "Exploiting vulnerabilities of age, disability or situation",
        "nl": "Misbruik van kwetsbaarheden (leeftijd, handicap, situatie)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(b) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service or using an AI system that **exploits the vulnerabilities** of a person or a…",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van een AI-systeem dat **gebruikmaakt van de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(b) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-exploiting-vulnerabilities.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A woman looking at her phone on a bus",
            "nl": "Een vrouw die in de bus op haar telefoon kijkt"
          },
          "credit": "W.carter, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "general-purpose-ai",
      "title": {
        "en": "Is general-purpose AI involved?",
        "nl": "Is er sprake van AI voor algemene doeleinden?"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Chapter V places its obligations on [providers](#provider) of models (Articles 53 and 55; Article 51 classifies models with [systemic risk](#systemic-risk)), not on such a system…",
        "nl": "Hoofdstuk V legt verplichtingen op aan [aanbieders](#provider) van modellen (artikelen 53 en 55; artikel 51 gaat over [systeemrisico](#systemic-risk)), niet aan zo'n systeem als…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "5 - general-purpose AI",
        "placeholder": true,
        "owner-action": "Placeholder for the owner to refine (core document 3.3, items 5 and 7). The research\nshows this step is really two questions with different consequences - \"do you provide a\ngeneral-purpose AI model?\" (Chapter V obligations) and \"is your system based on such a\nmodel?\" (relevant to Article 50(2) and to the downstream-provider definition) - which one\nyes/no cannot separate. Splitting it into two Nodes, or adding a role question, is an\nauthoring decision the owner should make after seeing the tool."
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-3-63",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(63), (65), (66), (68) AI Act (definitions)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punten 63, 65, 66 en 68, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 51 AI Act (models with systemic risk)",
            "nl": "Artikel 51 AI-verordening (systeemrisico)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_51"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 53 AI Act (obligations for model providers)",
            "nl": "Artikel 53 AI-verordening (verplichtingen aanbieders)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_53"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-general-purpose-ai.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A technician at a server rack: the machines a general-purpose model runs on",
            "nl": "Een technicus bij een serverrek: de machines waarop zo'n model draait"
          },
          "credit": "Derrick Coetzee, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0",
          "source": "art-3-63"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "transparency-obligations"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "transparency-obligations"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "provider",
          "term": {
            "en": "provider",
            "nl": "aanbieder"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that develops an AI system or general-purpose AI model, or has one developed, and places it on the market or puts it into service under its own name or trademark.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem of AI-model voor algemene doeleinden ontwikkelt of laat ontwikkelen en onder eigen naam of merk in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "systemic-risk",
          "term": {
            "en": "systemic risk",
            "nl": "systeemrisico"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A risk specific to the high-impact capabilities of general-purpose AI models, with a significant impact on the Union market through their reach or their negative effects, that can spread at scale.",
            "nl": "Een risico eigen aan de capaciteiten met een grote impact van AI-modellen voor algemene doeleinden, met aanzienlijke gevolgen voor de Uniemarkt door hun bereik of negatieve effecten, op grote schaal."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "high-risk",
      "title": {
        "en": "Your system is high-risk under the AI Act",
        "nl": "Uw systeem heeft een hoog risico onder de AI-verordening"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Your system is a **high-risk** [AI system](#ai-system).",
        "nl": "Uw systeem is een [AI-systeem](#ai-system) **met een hoog risico**."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "4c - the high-risk finding",
        "traversal": "Not a Terminal (issue #24). The walk continues into steps 5 and 6 because a high-risk\nsystem can carry Article 50 obligations at the same time (Article 50(6)), and because\nthe core document answers OPEN 10.7 that way. Neither Answer branches.",
        "owner-action": "what follows from a high-risk outcome is the owner's later authoring (core document 3.3, item 7)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 6 AI Act (high-risk classification rules)",
            "nl": "Artikel 6 AI-verordening (classificatieregels)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_6"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 113(3)(c) AI Act as amended (from when)",
            "nl": "Artikel 113, lid 3, punt c), AI-verordening (vanaf wanneer)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_113"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(2) AI Act (Annex I, Section B systems)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 2, AI-verordening (afdeling B)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "high-risk.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A high-voltage warning sign on a fuse box",
            "nl": "Een waarschuwingsbord voor hoogspanning op een zekeringkast"
          },
          "credit": "Pittigrilli, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 4.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "general-purpose-ai"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "general-purpose-ai"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-affected-person",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (7/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (7/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The last category of Article 2(1). Are you an [affected person](#affected-person) located in the Union?",
        "nl": "De laatste categorie van artikel 2, lid 1. Bent u een [getroffen persoon](#affected-person) die zich in de Unie bevindt?"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-affected-person.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "People walking between the stalls of a farmers market",
            "nl": "Mensen die tussen de kramen van een boerenmarkt lopen"
          },
          "credit": "Miles Continental, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "ai-act-does-not-apply"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "affected-person",
          "term": {
            "en": "affected person",
            "nl": "getroffen persoon"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "Not defined in the Act. Article 2(1)(g) covers affected persons located in the Union; Article 86 gives one a right to an explanation of a decision based on a high-risk AI system of Annex III.",
            "nl": "Niet gedefinieerd in de verordening. Artikel 2, lid 1, onder g), dekt getroffen personen in de Unie; artikel 86 geeft hun recht op uitleg bij een besluit op basis van een AI-systeem uit bijlage III."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-authorised-representative",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (6/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (6/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The sixth category of Article 2(1). Are you an\n[authorised representative](#authorised-representative) of a [provider](#provider)\nthat is **not established in the Union**?",
        "nl": "De zesde categorie van artikel 2, lid 1. Bent u een\n[gemachtigde](#authorised-representative) van een [aanbieder](#provider) die **niet\nin de Unie is gevestigd**?"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-authorised-representative.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A contract with a pen lying on it, ready to be signed",
            "nl": "Een contract met een pen erop, klaar om te worden ondertekend"
          },
          "credit": "Blogtrepreneur, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-affected-person"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "authorised-representative",
          "term": {
            "en": "authorised representative",
            "nl": "gemachtigde"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person or organisation in the Union that has received and accepted a written mandate from a provider to carry out the obligations and procedures of the Act on its behalf.",
            "nl": "Een persoon of organisatie in de Unie die van een aanbieder een schriftelijke machtiging heeft gekregen en aanvaard om namens hem de verplichtingen en procedures van de verordening na te komen."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "provider",
          "term": {
            "en": "provider",
            "nl": "aanbieder"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that develops an AI system or general-purpose AI model, or has one developed, and places it on the market or puts it into service under its own name or trademark.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem of AI-model voor algemene doeleinden ontwikkelt of laat ontwikkelen en onder eigen naam of merk in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-deployer",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (2/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (2/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The second category of Article 2(1). Are you a [deployer](#deployer) of an [AI system](#ai-system) who is established or located in the Union?",
        "nl": "De tweede categorie van artikel 2, lid 1. Bent u een [gebruiksverantwoordelijke](#deployer) van een [AI-systeem](#ai-system) die in de Unie is gevestigd of zich er bevindt?"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(4) AI Act (deployer)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 4, AI-verordening (definitie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-deployer.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Two farmers looking at a smartphone in a field",
            "nl": "Twee boeren die in een veld op een smartphone kijken"
          },
          "credit": "USDAgov, via Wikimedia Commons, public domain"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-third-country-output"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "deployer",
          "term": {
            "en": "deployer",
            "nl": "gebruiksverantwoordelijke"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that uses an AI system under its own authority, except where it is used in a personal, non-professional activity.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem onder eigen verantwoordelijkheid gebruikt, tenzij dat gebeurt in het kader van een persoonlijke niet-beroepsactiviteit."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-importer-distributor",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (4/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (4/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "The fourth category of Article 2(1). Are you an [importer](#importer) or a\n[distributor](#distributor) of [AI systems](#ai-system)?",
        "nl": "De vierde categorie van artikel 2, lid 1. Bent u een [importeur](#importer) of\n[distributeur](#distributor) van [AI-systemen](#ai-system)?"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-importer-distributor.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Container cranes loading a ship in a port at sunset",
            "nl": "Containerkranen die bij zonsondergang een schip laden in een haven"
          },
          "credit": "VileGecko, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-product-manufacturer"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "importer",
          "term": {
            "en": "importer",
            "nl": "importeur"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person or organisation located or established in the Union that places on the market an AI system bearing the name or trademark of someone established in a third country.",
            "nl": "Een persoon of organisatie in de Unie die een AI-systeem in de handel brengt dat de naam of het merk draagt van een in een derde land gevestigde persoon of organisatie."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "distributor",
          "term": {
            "en": "distributor",
            "nl": "distributeur"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person or organisation in the supply chain, other than the provider or the importer, that makes an AI system available on the Union market.",
            "nl": "Een persoon of organisatie in de toeleveringsketen, anders dan de aanbieder of de importeur, die een AI-systeem in de Unie op de markt aanbiedt."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-product-manufacturer",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (5/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (5/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Are you a [product manufacturer](#product-manufacturer) who [places](#placing-on-the-market) an [AI system](#ai-system) on the market, or [puts](#putting-into-service) it into service, **together with your product and under your own name…**",
        "nl": "Bent u een [fabrikant van producten](#product-manufacturer) die samen met uw product en **onder uw eigen naam of merk** een [AI-systeem](#ai-system) [in de handel brengt](#placing-on-the-market) of [in gebruik stelt](#putting-into-service)?"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-product-manufacturer.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "Cars on an assembly line in a car factory",
            "nl": "Auto's aan een assemblagelijn in een autofabriek"
          },
          "credit": "Marek Ślusarczyk (Tupungato), via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 3.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-authorised-representative"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "product-manufacturer",
          "term": {
            "en": "product manufacturer",
            "nl": "fabrikant van producten"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "Not defined in Article 3; point 8 lists it as an operator. Article 2(1)(e) covers one who places an AI system on the market or puts it into service with its product, under its own name or trademark.",
            "nl": "Niet gedefinieerd in artikel 3; punt 8 noemt hem operator. Artikel 2, lid 1, onder e), dekt wie een AI-systeem samen met zijn product onder eigen naam of merk in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "placing-on-the-market",
          "term": {
            "en": "placing on the market",
            "nl": "in de handel brengen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "The first making available of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model on the Union market.",
            "nl": "Het voor het eerst in de Unie op de markt aanbieden van een AI-systeem of een AI-model voor algemene doeleinden."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "putting-into-service",
          "term": {
            "en": "putting into service",
            "nl": "in gebruik stellen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "Supplying an AI system for first use directly to the deployer, or for own use, in the Union for its intended purpose.",
            "nl": "De directe levering van een AI-systeem aan de gebruiksverantwoordelijke voor het eerste gebruik, of voor eigen gebruik, in de Unie voor het beoogde doel."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "jurisdiction-third-country-output",
      "title": {
        "en": "Jurisdictional scope of the AI Act? (3/7)",
        "nl": "Toepassingsgebied van de AI-verordening? (3/7)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Are you a [provider](#provider) or a [deployer](#deployer) established or located in a **third country**, where the output produced by the [AI system](#ai-system) **is used in the Union**?",
        "nl": "Bent u een [aanbieder](#provider) of [gebruiksverantwoordelijke](#deployer) die in een **derde land** is gevestigd of zich er bevindt, terwijl de output van het [AI-systeem](#ai-system)…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "1 - jurisdictional scope"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(1) AI Act (scope)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 1, AI-verordening (toepassingsgebied)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "jurisdiction-third-country-output.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A satellite dish antenna under a clouded sky",
            "nl": "Een satellietschotel onder een bewolkte lucht"
          },
          "credit": "Biswarup Ganguly, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "article-2-exclusions"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "jurisdiction-importer-distributor"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "provider",
          "term": {
            "en": "provider",
            "nl": "aanbieder"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that develops an AI system or general-purpose AI model, or has one developed, and places it on the market or puts it into service under its own name or trademark.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem of AI-model voor algemene doeleinden ontwikkelt of laat ontwikkelen en onder eigen naam of merk in de handel brengt of in gebruik stelt."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "deployer",
          "term": {
            "en": "deployer",
            "nl": "gebruiksverantwoordelijke"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A person, organisation or public body that uses an AI system under its own authority, except where it is used in a personal, non-professional activity.",
            "nl": "Een persoon, organisatie of overheidsorgaan die een AI-systeem onder eigen verantwoordelijkheid gebruikt, tenzij dat gebeurt in het kader van een persoonlijke niet-beroepsactiviteit."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "non-consensual-sexual-imagery",
      "title": {
        "en": "Non-consensual sexual imagery (from 2 December 2026)",
        "nl": "Seksueel beeldmateriaal zonder toestemming (2-12-2026)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(ba), inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, prohibits placing on the market, putting into service or using an AI system that…",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b bis), ingevoegd bij Verordening (EU) 2026/1744, verbiedt het in de handel brengen, in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van een…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "applies-from": "2 December 2026 (Article 113(3)(a) as amended)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(ba), 5(1a) and 5(1b) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt b bis), en lid 1 bis, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-non-consensual-imagery.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A sign asking visitors not to take flash photographs",
            "nl": "Een bord dat bezoekers vraagt geen flitsfoto's te maken"
          },
          "credit": "Yaffa Phillips, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "not-an-ai-system",
      "title": {
        "en": "Not an AI system - other regulation may apply instead",
        "nl": "Geen AI-systeem - andere regelgeving kan gelden"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Your system does not meet the definition in Article 3(1), so the AI Act does not apply and this walk ends here.",
        "nl": "Uw systeem voldoet niet aan de definitie van artikel 3, punt 1, dus de AI-verordening geldt er niet voor en de doorloop eindigt hier."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "owner-action": "the two named acts have no Source yet; the owner adds the references they want to cite"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(1) AI Act (definition of an AI system)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punt 1, AI-verordening (definitie)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 2(9) AI Act (without prejudice to other law)",
            "nl": "Artikel 2, lid 9, AI-verordening (ander recht)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_2"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "terminal-not-an-ai-system.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A Brunsviga mechanical calculator",
            "nl": "Een mechanische rekenmachine van Brunsviga"
          },
          "credit": "CEphoto, Uwe Aranas, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ],
      "terminal": {
        "label": {
          "en": "Look elsewhere",
          "nl": "Elders geregeld"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "predicting-criminal-offences",
      "title": {
        "en": "Predicting criminal offences from profiling alone",
        "nl": "Strafbare feiten voorspellen op basis van profilering"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(d) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service for this purpose, or using an AI system for **risk assessments of natural…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt d), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, voor dit doel in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van een AI-systeem voor…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(d) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt d), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-predicting-offences.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A hand holding a crystal ball in front of a city",
            "nl": "Een hand die een glazen bol voor een stad vasthoudt"
          },
          "credit": "Balise42, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "prohibited",
      "title": {
        "en": "This is a prohibited practice",
        "nl": "Dit is een verboden praktijk"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Your system falls under one of the practices prohibited by Article 5(1).",
        "nl": "Uw systeem valt onder een van de praktijken die artikel 5, lid 1, verbiedt."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5 AI Act (prohibited AI practices)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5 AI-verordening (verboden AI-praktijken)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 113(3)(a) AI Act as amended (from when)",
            "nl": "Artikel 113, lid 3, punt a), AI-verordening (vanaf wanneer)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_113"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "terminal-prohibited.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A stop sign beside a desert road",
            "nl": "Een stopbord langs een woestijnweg"
          },
          "credit": "Tuxyso, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0"
        }
      ],
      "terminal": {
        "label": {
          "en": "Prohibited",
          "nl": "Verboden"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "prohibited-practices",
      "title": {
        "en": "Does your system do a prohibited practice? (1/2)",
        "nl": "Verricht uw systeem een verboden praktijk? (1/2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "There is no compliance route: a system that does one of them may not be [placed on the market](#placing-on-the-market), [put into service](#putting-into-service) or used at all.",
        "nl": "Er is geen route naar naleving: een systeem dat een daarvan verricht, mag niet [in de handel worden gebracht](#placing-on-the-market), [in gebruik worden gesteld](#putting-into-service) of worden…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "3 - prohibited practices",
        "practices": "5 of 10 (Article 5(1) points (a), (b), (ba), (bb), (c))"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-5",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5 AI Act (prohibited AI practices)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5 AI-verordening (verboden AI-praktijken)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)",
            "nl": "Verordening (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-prohibited-practices.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A door covered in prohibition signs: practices Article 5 rules out entirely",
            "nl": "Een deur vol verbodsborden: praktijken die artikel 5 volledig uitsluit"
          },
          "credit": "Tiia Monto, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0",
          "source": "art-5"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "prohibited"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "prohibited-practices-2"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Subliminal or purposefully manipulative techniques",
            "nl": "Subliminale of doelbewust manipulatieve technieken"
          },
          "target": "subliminal-or-manipulative-techniques"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Exploiting vulnerabilities of age, disability or situation",
            "nl": "Misbruik van kwetsbaarheden (leeftijd, handicap, situatie)"
          },
          "target": "exploiting-vulnerabilities"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Non-consensual sexual imagery (from 2 December 2026)",
            "nl": "Seksueel beeldmateriaal zonder toestemming (2-12-2026)"
          },
          "target": "non-consensual-sexual-imagery"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Child sexual abuse material (from 2 December 2026)",
            "nl": "Materiaal van seksueel kindermisbruik (2-12-2026)"
          },
          "target": "child-sexual-abuse-material"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Social scoring",
            "nl": "Sociale scoring"
          },
          "target": "social-scoring"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "placing-on-the-market",
          "term": {
            "en": "placing on the market",
            "nl": "in de handel brengen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "The first making available of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model on the Union market.",
            "nl": "Het voor het eerst in de Unie op de markt aanbieden van een AI-systeem of een AI-model voor algemene doeleinden."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "putting-into-service",
          "term": {
            "en": "putting into service",
            "nl": "in gebruik stellen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "Supplying an AI system for first use directly to the deployer, or for own use, in the Union for its intended purpose.",
            "nl": "De directe levering van een AI-systeem aan de gebruiksverantwoordelijke voor het eerste gebruik, of voor eigen gebruik, in de Unie voor het beoogde doel."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "prohibited-practices-2",
      "title": {
        "en": "Does your system do a prohibited practice? (2/2)",
        "nl": "Verricht uw systeem een verboden praktijk? (2/2)"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Most points cover [placing on the market](#placing-on-the-market), [putting into service](#putting-into-service) *and* use, so they can catch you whether you build the system or only use it.",
        "nl": "De meeste punten bestrijken het [in de handel brengen](#placing-on-the-market), het [in gebruik stellen](#putting-into-service) *en* het gebruiken, en kunnen u dus raken of u het systeem nu bouwt of…"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "3 - prohibited practices",
        "practices": "5 of 10 (Article 5(1) points (d), (e), (f), (g), (h))"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5 AI Act (prohibited AI practices)",
            "nl": "Artikel 5 AI-verordening (verboden AI-praktijken)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-prohibited-practices-2.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A sign saying that entering the stand is prohibited",
            "nl": "Een bord dat zegt dat het betreden van de tribune verboden is"
          },
          "credit": "Pittigrilli, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "prohibited"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "annex-i-legislation"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Predicting criminal offences from profiling alone",
            "nl": "Strafbare feiten voorspellen op basis van profilering"
          },
          "target": "predicting-criminal-offences"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Untargeted scraping of facial images",
            "nl": "Ongerichte scraping van gezichtsafbeeldingen"
          },
          "target": "untargeted-facial-scraping"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Inferring emotions in the workplace or in education",
            "nl": "Emoties afleiden op de werkplek of in het onderwijs"
          },
          "target": "emotion-recognition-at-work"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Biometric categorisation to infer race, beliefs or sex life",
            "nl": "Biometrische categorisering (ras, overtuiging, seksleven)"
          },
          "target": "biometric-categorisation"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "Real-time biometric ID in public for law enforcement",
            "nl": "Live biometrische ID in het openbaar voor rechtshandhaving"
          },
          "target": "real-time-biometric-identification"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "placing-on-the-market",
          "term": {
            "en": "placing on the market",
            "nl": "in de handel brengen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "The first making available of an AI system or a general-purpose AI model on the Union market.",
            "nl": "Het voor het eerst in de Unie op de markt aanbieden van een AI-systeem of een AI-model voor algemene doeleinden."
          }
        },
        {
          "id": "putting-into-service",
          "term": {
            "en": "putting into service",
            "nl": "in gebruik stellen"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "Supplying an AI system for first use directly to the deployer, or for own use, in the Union for its intended purpose.",
            "nl": "De directe levering van een AI-systeem aan de gebruiksverantwoordelijke voor het eerste gebruik, of voor eigen gebruik, in de Unie voor het beoogde doel."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "real-time-biometric-identification",
      "title": {
        "en": "Real-time remote biometric identification in public",
        "nl": "Biometrische identificatie op afstand in real time"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(h) prohibits **the use** of real-time remote biometric identification **in publicly accessible spaces for law enforcement**, unless…",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt h), verbiedt **het gebruik** van biometrische identificatie op afstand in real time **in openbare ruimten met het oog op de…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(h) and 5(2) to (7) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt h), en leden 2 tot en met 7"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 3(41), (42), (44) AI Act (definitions)",
            "nl": "Artikel 3, punten 41, 42 en 44, AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_3"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-real-time-identification.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A pole with several CCTV cameras at night",
            "nl": "Een paal met meerdere bewakingscamera's bij nacht"
          },
          "credit": "Punit Rajpal, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "social-scoring",
      "title": {
        "en": "Social scoring",
        "nl": "Sociale scoring"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(c) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service or using AI systems **for the evaluation or classification of natural persons…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt c), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van AI-systemen **voor de evaluatie of classificatie…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(c) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt c), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-social-scoring.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A plaque awarding a five-star rating",
            "nl": "Een plaquette die een beoordeling van vijf sterren toekent"
          },
          "credit": "Threeohsix, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "subliminal-or-manipulative-techniques",
      "title": {
        "en": "Subliminal or purposefully manipulative techniques",
        "nl": "Subliminale of doelbewust manipulatieve technieken"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(a) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service or using an AI system that deploys **subliminal techniques beyond a person's…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt a), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van een AI-systeem dat **subliminale technieken…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(a) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt a), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-manipulative-techniques.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "An optical illusion of circles that seem to rotate",
            "nl": "Een optische illusie van cirkels die lijken te draaien"
          },
          "credit": "Dennis Sylvester Hurd, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY 2.0"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "transparency-obligations",
      "title": {
        "en": "Does your system carry transparency obligations?",
        "nl": "Gelden er transparantieverplichtingen voor uw systeem?"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 50 attaches **transparency obligations** to certain [AI systems](#ai-system), whatever their risk classification.",
        "nl": "Artikel 50 verbindt **transparantieverplichtingen** aan bepaalde [AI-systemen](#ai-system), ongeacht hun risicoclassificatie. Lid 6 laat hoofdstuk III onverlet."
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2",
        "step": "6 - transparency obligations",
        "article-50-situations": "5 (paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 4 first subparagraph, 4 second subparagraph)"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "id": "art-50",
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 50 AI Act (transparency obligations)",
            "nl": "Artikel 50 AI-verordening (transparantieverplichtingen)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_50"
        },
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 113 AI Act as amended (application dates)",
            "nl": "Artikel 113 AI-verordening (toepassingsdata)"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_113"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "step-transparency.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A chatbot on a phone: Article 50 wants the reader told it is a machine",
            "nl": "Een chatbot op een telefoon: artikel 50 wil dat u weet dat het een machine is"
          },
          "credit": "piqsels, via Wikimedia Commons, CC0 1.0",
          "source": "art-50"
        }
      ],
      "answers": [
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "Yes",
            "nl": "Ja"
          },
          "target": "end-of-walk"
        },
        {
          "label": {
            "en": "No",
            "nl": "Nee"
          },
          "target": "end-of-walk"
        }
      ],
      "options": [
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "1. Systems that interact directly with people (provider)",
            "nl": "1. Directe interactie met mensen (aanbieder)"
          },
          "target": "article-50-direct-interaction"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "2. Systems generating synthetic content (provider)",
            "nl": "2. Systemen die synthetische content genereren (aanbieder)"
          },
          "target": "article-50-synthetic-content"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "3. Emotion recognition or biometric categorisation",
            "nl": "3. Emotieherkenning of biometrische categorisering"
          },
          "target": "article-50-emotion-and-biometric"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "4. Deep fakes (deployer)",
            "nl": "4. Deepfakes (gebruiksverantwoordelijke)"
          },
          "target": "article-50-deep-fakes"
        },
        {
          "title": {
            "en": "5. AI-generated text informing the public (deployer)",
            "nl": "5. Door AI gegenereerde tekst voor het publiek"
          },
          "target": "article-50-generated-text"
        }
      ],
      "explainers": [
        {
          "id": "ai-system",
          "term": {
            "en": "AI system",
            "nl": "AI-systeem"
          },
          "text": {
            "en": "A machine-based system that works with varying levels of autonomy and infers from the input it receives how to generate outputs, such as predictions, content, recommendations or decisions.",
            "nl": "Een op een machine gebaseerd systeem dat met wisselende autonomie werkt en uit de ontvangen input afleidt hoe output te genereren, zoals voorspellingen, inhoud, aanbevelingen of beslissingen."
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "untargeted-facial-scraping",
      "title": {
        "en": "Untargeted scraping of facial images",
        "nl": "Ongerichte scraping van gezichtsafbeeldingen"
      },
      "description": {
        "en": "Article 5(1)(e) prohibits placing on the market, putting into service for this purpose, or using AI systems that **create or expand facial…**",
        "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt e), verbiedt het in de handel brengen, voor dit doel in gebruik stellen of gebruiken van AI-systemen **die databanken voor…**"
      },
      "metadata": {
        "version": "0.2"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "kind": "legal",
          "label": {
            "en": "Article 5(1)(e) AI Act",
            "nl": "Artikel 5, lid 1, punt e), AI-verordening"
          },
          "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02024R1689-20260727#art_5"
        }
      ],
      "images": [
        {
          "file": "prohibited-facial-scraping.jpg",
          "description": {
            "en": "A CCTV camera mounted on a wall",
            "nl": "Een bewakingscamera aan een muur"
          },
          "credit": "MichalPL, via Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}